The news is a window on the world Essay Example for Free

The news is a window on the world Essay Using information from the items and elsewhere, assess the sociological arguments against the view that the news is a window on the world. It is perhaps correct to state that TV News has probably become the most common source of information that we rely on to gain knowledge about life outside our day to day experiences. News broadcasts are conscientiously handled to give a sense of seriousness and reliability; however some critics have suggested that it is a manufactured and manipulated product involving a high degree of selectiveness and bias. If so, is it possible for TV News to be still seen as a window on the world? Instead of being an impulsive reaction to world events, many reports are planned well in advance. According to Schlesinger (1978), the news diary enables journalists and broadcasters to plan their coverage, and select and book relevant experts. It also allows them to purchase news items from press agencies and also receive press releases from pressure groups, government agencies, private companies and individuals, all of whom wish to publicise their activities which could mean that the needs of these advertisers are made central when decisions about the content of the media are finalised. This happened when there were suspicions that the link between smoking and lung cancer was slow to be reported because of the importance of tobacco companies advertising. The time of a news broadcast and who is thought to be watching, or the readership profile of a paper, will also influence the selection of news. It is assumed that at lunchtime TV programme is likely to be aimed at women or pensioners, and early evening programming is likely to be aimed at schoolchildren as those are the groups of people most likely to be watching television at that particular time of day. These institutions have a public image which they need to maintain in order to attract their audience and it is what is wanted and expected. The News of the World, for example, thrives on over-reported sex and scandal which must be catering to some audience in demand of this type of news. News producers are desperate to be the first to break the news and will go to great measures to get what they need in order to sell. Accepting evidence from sources without appropriately checking its reliability can lead to a biased view in favour of the official side of the argument. Financial considerations and resources available can also influence the news. The point at which the news companys financial year-end falls can affect how, and even whether, costly news items are covered. ITN had spent most of their 1991 overseas budget covering the Gulf War when news of the protests in Tiananmen Square broke and so were unable to capture some of the most memorable images of the decade. For this reason and the availability of space and time, sometimes stories are included or excluded simply because they need to be formed into a logical and consistent bulletin containing a number of items that will take exactly the same amount of time to put across each day. We do our best to give a clear picture of what is going on. In that sense the news is a window on the world, explains an anonymous journalist in 2000, Of course we cant include every detail, or interview every person involved, we try to cover stories in a way that will interest and inform them. Journalists work is often referred to as gate keeping, where they must make decisions by using a number of news values identified by Galtung and Ruge (1973) to determine what is and is not newsworthy. According to these sociologists, events that are dramatic and negative in their consequences, events that can be considered extraordinary, personalised or concerning important figures become newsworthy and cross the gate to become news. Gatekeepers have the power to control what is seen in the news thus curtaining the window on the world and not allowing us to see the depth and broad variety of news from all around. The Glasgow University Media Group (GUMG) has carried out content analysis for many years which involves detailed analysis of the language and visual images used by the media. Along with the traditional Marxists, they argue that all of the news selection is deliberate and the result of conscious manipulation. They have found that the media constantly reflects the familiar theory of the powerful in society, whilst marginalising the view of others. It may indicate a white, male, middle-class viewpoint, as many people in the media are drawn from these social backgrounds. There is a hierarchy of credibility whereby only certain groups are asked for their opinion, as they are seen to be more reliable and their remarks more valid. Protesters tactics are more likely to be reported than their views, experts and establishment figures are more popularly heard than ordinary people. This can be displayed as only a small fraction of the window overlooking the great big world. As a final approach to this question, in contrast to all the conclusions made about media being manipulated in accordance with powerful authorities, the pluralist view, argue that the news reflects the full diversity of viewpoints in society and that certain views will dominate in each situation, whereby the bias is usually inconsistent. The work of the GUMG shows that the media do not just reflect public opinion but that they also provide an agenda for the public, so that people think about issues in a way that benefits the ruling class and help maintain the capitalist system. In this respect the media are a powerful ideological influence and so news cannot be a window on the world if what we are looking through, is a blurred reality.

Law: Gideon Vs Wainright :: essays research papers fc

The framers formed this country with one sole document, the Constitution, which they wrote with great wisdom and foresight. This bountiful wisdom arose from the unjust treatment of King George to which the colonists were subject. Among these violations of the colonists' rights were inequitable trials that made a mockery of justice. As a result, a fair trial of the accused was a right given to the citizens along with other equities that the framers instilled in every other facet of this country's government. These assurances of the citizens' rights stated in the bill of rights. In the Sixth Amendment, it is stated that, "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right...to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence." A first reading of this phrase one might be think that this right, that which gives a person accused of a crime to have lawyers for his defense, is common knowledge being that it is among the most basic rights given to the citizenry of the p ublic. However, the simple manner in which this amendment is phrased creates a "gray area", and subject to interpretation under different circumstances. The legitimacy of the right to mount a legal defense is further obscured by the Fourteenth Amendment which states, "No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States." As a result, many questions begin to arise which seek to determine the true right of the accused to the assistance of counsel. Should legal counsel be provided by the government if the accused lacks the funds to assemble a counsel for his defense? Or, on the other hand, does this amendment set the responsibility of assembling a defensive counsel on the accused even if he or she lacks the funds to do so? Also, do the states have the right to make their own legislation regarding the right of the indigent accused to have counsel appointed to them in the state trials, or does the Fo urteenth Amendment prevent this? The Supreme Court was faced with answering these questions in the case of Gideon v. Wainwright. In June of 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon, a fifty year old petty thief, drifter, and gambler who had spent much of his life in and out of jail was arrested in Panama City Florida. He was charged with breaking into a poolroom one night in an effort to steal beer, Coke, and coins from a cigarette machine (Goodman 62).

Quality Improvement Email Essay

Quality management in healthcare facilities is organized to meet the needs of the organization. Today, most organizations have a program of continuous improvement in all functional areas. Data collection and analysis and resulting improvements have become an accepted way of doing business. An organization must address how it is going to achieve a successful Quality Improvement program (LaTour, p. 520). This paper is going to discuss the quality improvement in the health care industry along with stakeholders, roles, and resources to name a few. The purpose of quality management in the health care industry is to enhance the safety, efficiency and effectiveness of all businesses from health care processes and the performance of delivering products to human resources (The Purpose of QI Healthcare, 2014). The improvement is achieved using various methods, both qualitative and quantitative. With the passing of time, healthcare delivery has become more complex. There is a requirement for ne w and enhanced methods that will reduce costs and provide access to new technologies (The Purpose of QI Healthcare, 2014). Bringing a change into the system can facilitate the achievement of a new performance level. When a system remains unchanged over time and no enhancements are made, it cannot generate better results than the ones already created. The inefficient parts of the structure are replaced with new inventions that can prove to be worthy (The Purpose of QI Healthcare, 2014). Quality Management is needed because of competition. The primary goal is to beat the competition. It will add value at each stage of production defining long term plans for your company while at the same time providing a framework for it. The stakeholders define quality of care in various ways. Each stakeholder has different concerns relative to the  project’s objectives and goals (LaTour, p.808), which can translate, into different ratings of quality. â€Å"Exploratory interviews suggest that ratings are influenced by past experience, expectations, definitions of quality of care, and perceived power relationship s between stakeholders† (Campbell, 2004). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has defined â€Å"stakeholders† as persons or groups that have a vested interest in a clinical decision and the evidence that supports that decision (The Effective Health Care Program Stakeholder Guide Chapter 3: Getting Involved in the Research Process). Stakeholders may be patients, caregivers, clinicians, researchers, advocacy groups, professional societies, businesses, policymakers, or others. Each group has a unique and valuable perspective. With quality improvement, there are roles that are involved. The leader’s role in promoting and developing quality improvement begins with creating and sustaining a personal and organizational focus on the needs of internal and external customers (Quality Improvement, 2014). A leader demonstrates a clear commitment to the organizational mission, values, goals, and expectation that promote quality and performance excellence through its actions. Key staff roles in a quality improvement p rogram are day-to-day leader, data entry person, provider champion, operations person, and data specialist. Monitoring provides the method to identify how the organization compares with the original opportunities for improvement and achieving those goals. (Wiley, 2007) Every area needs monitored because of providing every needs monitored because of providing patient can with any deficiency affect the entire hospital. Leaders determine the areas that need monitoring for improvement, monitoring the compliance of policies and procedures and standards for the hospital. The accrediting and regulatory agencies that are involved in the quality improvement process are The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). Joint Commission evaluates the quality of health care provided to the patient. They also requires that organizational leadership set expectations, plan, manage how to measure, assess, and improve in all aspects of providing care (LaTour, p.521). Another agency that is involved is the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) which represents the federal funded agency that focuses on improving the health care. The federal government mandates the areas for monitoring for quality, for example, preventive care,  infection control, fall rates, and chronic disease management. (HRHA, 2013) National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) represents the accrediting agencies for the hospitals. It also evaluates the quality of health care provided to the patient. In conclusion, there are many resources for helping the improvement of quality. The patient, providers, nurses and management plays a part in the improvement that will guide to reach desired levels of performance. An organization that affects quality improvement is Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). AHRQ is the lead Federal agency charged with improving the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of health care for all Americans. (Quality Improvement Organizations) The accrediting and regulatory organizations protect the public the regular reporting quality measures of the health care facility. References: LaTour, K. (2010), Health Information Management Quality Improvement Organizations Retrieved from: http://www.aap.org/en-us/professional-resources/practice-support/quality-improvement/Pages/Quality-Improvement-Organizations.aspx Quality Improvement, Retrieved from: http://www.hrsa.gov/quality/toolbox/methodology/qualityimprovement/part2.html The Effective Health Care Program Stakeholder Guide: Chapter 3: Getting Involved in the Research Process. February 2014. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/evidence-based-reports/stakeholderguide/chapter3.html The Purpose Of Quality Improvement in Healthcare, Retrieved from: http://www.sixsigmaonline.org/six-sigma-training-certification-information/the-purpose-of-quality-improvement-in-healthcare.html Campbell, S. (2004) How do stakeholder groups vary in a Delphi technique about primary mental health care and what factors influence their ratings?

Article Review on Inside the Wrong Body - 1253 Words

Article Review on â€Å"Inside the Wrong Body† Introduction In the article, â€Å"Inside the Wrong Body† by Carrie Arnold the main topic of study is about interoceptionability in humans. According to Carrie, interoceptionsimply is the knowledge of one’s internal bodily functions (Arnold, 2012). In other words, it is an explanation of an individual’s ability to be able to understand their internal body functions and relate it to the external images. Generally, this topic of study is very important since it helps individuals understand the reason why their bodies. For instance, the study simply tries to educate people on the importance of having high interoceptionability. Hence, informing people that by knowing their inner selves and bodily†¦show more content†¦In other words, the article has both strengths and weaknesses; however, the strengths of the article overwhelm the weaknesses of the article. For instance, in the article, Carrie does not only give information, but also provides evidence by givi ng real life examples and research studies that have been done on the issue of discussion. Further, Carrie makes the article valid by creating a clear understanding of the subject matter to the reader. For instance, Carrie begins the article by providing a clear definition of the key word ‘interoception’ and relates it to the bodily functions, then explains how an individual’s inability to interoception creates many problems to them, especially health related problems (Arnold, 2014, April 17). Additionally, the article has been made stronger since the discussions are grouped into different sections. This enables a reader distinguish clearly between various discussions hence there is no confusion during reading. However, what makes the article much valid is the fact that Carrie has provided examples based on research studies done as evidence to her insinuations. 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